Malocclusion

Malocclusion refers to improper alignment of the teeth or an incorrect relationship between the upper and lower jaws. It affects both appearance and oral function, influencing chewing, speech, facial balance, and overall dental health. Although many individuals experience minor irregularities, more pronounced misalignment can lead to discomfort, oral complications, and the need for corrective care.

Types of Malocclusion

Malocclusion is commonly grouped into three main categories based on how the jaws and teeth fit together:

Class I

The bite is generally normal, but individual teeth may be crowded, rotated, or spaced unevenly. This is the most common form and can range from mild to severe.

Class II

Often called an overbite, the upper teeth and jaw sit noticeably forward in relation to the lower jaw. This can contribute to difficulty closing the lips comfortably and may strain the jaw joints.

Class III

Often referred to as an underbite, the lower jaw extends forward, causing the lower teeth to sit ahead of the upper teeth. This form can affect chewing efficiency and facial harmony.

Causes

Malocclusion can arise from various hereditary or acquired factors, including:

• Genetics influencing jaw size and tooth alignment

• Thumb sucking or pacifier use beyond early childhood

• Prolonged bottle feeding

• Early loss of primary teeth

• Poor fit of dental restorations

• Injuries or jaw fractures

• Conditions that affect jaw growth