A New Kind Of Energy Is ... - Tachyon [NEW]
A tachyon (/ˈtækiɒn/) or tachyonic particle is a hypothetical particle that always travels faster than light. Physicists believe that faster-than-light particles cannot exist because they are not consistent with the known laws of physics.[1][a] If such particles did exist they could be used to send signals faster than light. According to the theory of relativity this would violate causality, leading to logical paradoxes such as the grandfather paradox.[1] Tachyons would exhibit the unusual property of increasing in speed as their energy decreases, and would require infinite energy to slow down to the speed of light. No verifiable experimental evidence for the existence of such particles has been found.
A new kind of energy is ... - tachyon
In the 1967 paper that coined the term, Gerald Feinberg proposed that tachyonic particles could be made from excitations of a quantum field with imaginary mass.[2] However, it was soon realized that Feinberg's model did not in fact allow for superluminal (faster-than-light) particles or signals and that tachyonic fields merely give rise to instabilities, not causality violations.[3] Nevertheless, in modern physics the term tachyon often refers to imaginary mass fields rather than to faster-than-light particles.[4][a] Such fields play a significant role in modern physics.
The term tachyon was coined by Gerald Feinberg in a 1967 paper titled "Possibility of faster-than-light particles".[2] He had been inspired by the science-fiction story "Beep" by James Blish.[b] Feinberg studied the kinematics of such particles according to special relativity. In his paper, he also introduced fields with imaginary mass (now also referred to as tachyons) in an attempt to understand the microphysical origin such particles might have.
One curious effect is that, unlike ordinary particles, the speed of a tachyon increases as its energy decreases. In particular, E \displaystyle E approaches zero when v \displaystyle v approaches infinity. (For ordinary bradyonic matter, E \displaystyle E increases with increasing speed, becoming arbitrarily large as v \displaystyle v approaches c \displaystyle c , the speed of light.) Therefore, just as bradyons are forbidden to break the light-speed barrier, so too are tachyons forbidden from slowing down to below c, because infinite energy is required to reach the barrier from either above or below.
In 1985, Chodos proposed that neutrinos can have a tachyonic nature.[16] The possibility of standard model particles moving at faster-than-light speeds can be modeled using Lorentz invariance violating terms, for example in the Standard-Model Extension.[17][18][19] In this framework, neutrinos experience Lorentz-violating oscillations and can travel faster than light at high energies. This proposal was strongly criticized.[20]
Even an electrically neutral tachyon would be expected to lose energy via gravitational Cherenkov radiation (unless gravitons are themselves tachyons), because it has a gravitational mass, and therefore increases in speed as it travels, as described above. If the tachyon interacts with any other particles, it can also radiate Cherenkov energy into those particles. Neutrinos interact with the other particles of the Standard Model, and Andrew Cohen and Sheldon Glashow used this to argue that the 2011 faster-than-light neutrino anomaly cannot be explained by making neutrinos propagate faster than light, and must instead be due to an error in the experiment.[21] Further investigation of the experiment showed that the results were indeed erroneous.
Causality is a fundamental principle of physics. If tachyons can transmit information faster than light, then, according to relativity, they violate causality, leading to logical paradoxes of the "kill your own grandfather" type. This is often illustrated with thought experiments such as the "tachyon telephone paradox"[15] or "logically pernicious self-inhibitor."[22]
If one of the two events represents the sending of a signal from one location and the second event represents the reception of the same signal at another location, then, as long as the signal is moving at the speed of light or slower, the mathematics of simultaneity ensures that all reference frames agree that the transmission-event happened before the reception-event.[23] However, in the case of a hypothetical signal moving faster than light, there would always be some frames in which the signal was received before it was sent, so that the signal could be said to have moved backward in time. Because one of the two fundamental postulates of special relativity says that the laws of physics should work the same way in every inertial frame, if it is possible for signals to move backward in time in any one frame, it must be possible in all frames. This means that if observer A sends a signal to observer B which moves faster than light in A's frame but backwards in time in B's frame, and then B sends a reply which moves faster than light in B's frame but backwards in time in A's frame, it could work out that A receives the reply before sending the original signal, challenging causality in every frame and opening the door to severe logical paradoxes.[24] This is known as the tachyonic antitelephone.
The reinterpretation principle[2][8][24] asserts that a tachyon sent back in time can always be reinterpreted as a tachyon traveling forward in time, because observers cannot distinguish between the emission and absorption of tachyons. The attempt to detect a tachyon from the future (and violate causality) would actually create the same tachyon and send it forward in time (which is causal).
However, this principle is not widely accepted as resolving the paradoxes.[15][24][25] Instead, what would be required to avoid paradoxes is that, unlike any known particle, tachyons do not interact in any way and can never be detected or observed, because otherwise a tachyon beam could be modulated and used to create an anti-telephone[15] or a "logically pernicious self-inhibitor".[22] All forms of energy are believed to interact at least gravitationally, and many authors state that superluminal propagation in Lorentz invariant theories always leads to causal paradoxes.[26][27]
In the paper that coined the term "tachyon", Gerald Feinberg studied Lorentz invariant quantum fields with imaginary mass.[2] Because the group velocity for such a field is superluminal, naively it appears that its excitations propagate faster than light. However, it was quickly understood that the superluminal group velocity does not correspond to the speed of propagation of any localized excitation (like a particle). Instead, the negative mass represents an instability to tachyon condensation, and all excitations of the field propagate subluminally and are consistent with causality.[28] Despite having no faster-than-light propagation, such fields are referred to simply as "tachyons" in many sources.[4][29][30][31][a]
Tachyons are predicted by bosonic string theory and also the Neveu-Schwarz (NS) and NS-NS sectors, which are respectively the open bosonic sector and closed bosonic sector, of RNS superstring theory prior to the GSO projection. However such tachyons are not possible due to the Sen conjecture, also known as tachyon condensation. This resulted in the necessity for the GSO projection.
In theories that do not respect Lorentz invariance, the speed of light is not (necessarily) a barrier, and particles can travel faster than the speed of light without infinite energy or causal paradoxes.[26] A class of field theories of that type is the so-called Standard Model extensions. However, the experimental evidence for Lorentz invariance is extremely good, so such theories are very tightly constrained.[34][35]
By modifying the kinetic energy of the field, it is possible to produce Lorentz invariant field theories with excitations that propagate superluminally.[28][27] However, such theories, in general, do not have a well-defined Cauchy problem (for reasons related to the issues of causality discussed above), and are probably inconsistent quantum mechanically.
Tachyons have appeared in many works of fiction. They have been used as a standby mechanism upon which many science fiction authors rely to establish faster-than-light communication, with or without reference to causality issues. The word tachyon has become widely recognized to such an extent that it can impart a science-fictional connotation even if the subject in question has no particular relation to superluminal travel (a form of technobabble, akin to positronic brain).[36]
Tachyon energy is considered a new holistic form of healing based on modern knowledge of physics and studies of Nikola Tesla. You can use the Tachyonized Silica Disc in many ways. The most common uses of tachyon products include protection against electromagnetic fields / electrosmog, increasing the energy value of food and beverages, tachyon healing and accelerating the body's natural regenerative processes.
In this paper we propose a new dark energy model in the teleparallel alternative of general relativity, by considering a generalized non-minimal coupling of a tachyonic scalar field with the teleparallel boundary term. Within the framework of teleparallel gravity, the boundary coupling term is associated with the divergence of the torsion vector. Considering the linear stability technique for various potentials and couplings, we have analyzed the dynamical properties of the present tachyonic dark energy model in the phase space, uncovering the corresponding essential dynamical features. Our study of the phase space structure revealed that for a specific class of potential energy, this model exhibits various critical points which are related to different cosmological behaviors, such as accelerated expansion and scaling solutions, determining the existence conditions and the corresponding physical features. 041b061a72